David Babakaiff
Written by David Babakaiff — Co-Founder, VanPlex | 25+ Years BC Construction

Start Here | How It Works

How a Toronto Fourplex Actually Gets Built

The headline change in Toronto is simple: since the multiplex by-law of May 2023, up to four units are a permitted use on residential lots across the city. That means no rezoning, no Official Plan amendment, and no public meeting for a compliant build — you go to a building permit. Here is the path, and the gates that decide whether your lot qualifies.

Key Takeaways

  • Up to four units as-of-right in residential Neighbourhoods zones, city-wide.
  • No rezoning, no public meeting for a compliant multiplex — it is a building-permit process.
  • Six units only in the nine sixplex wards (or a ward that opts in).
  • A design that exceeds the envelope needs a Committee of Adjustment minor variance.

The four-unit permission is city-wide, but the number that actually fits depends on the zone, the lot area and the ward. Check the ceiling on one address and PlexCheck reads all three from City data.

The Four Steps

Step 1

Confirm the lot is in a residential Neighbourhoods zone

The multiplex permissions apply to residential zones (RD, RS, RT, RM) on lands the Official Plan designates Neighbourhoods. That covers most of Toronto's residential lots. This is a lookup, not an application.

Step 2

Decide the form: up to four units, or six in a qualifying ward

Four units are permitted as-of-right anywhere. Six units are permitted only in the nine sixplex wards, or in a ward whose councillor has opted in. Your ward sets the ceiling.

Step 3

Fit the design to the as-of-right envelope

Height, lot coverage, and setbacks still apply. A design that stays inside them goes straight to a building permit. A design that exceeds them needs a Committee of Adjustment minor variance first.

Step 4

Apply for a building permit

Because the use is permitted, there is no rezoning, no Official Plan amendment, and no public meeting for a compliant multiplex. You apply for a building permit and build.

Best For

  • Residential Neighbourhoods lots where a fourplex fits the as-of-right envelope.
  • Lots in one of the nine sixplex wards aiming for five or six units.
  • Owners who want to skip rezoning and the public meeting entirely.

Usually Fails When

  • A sixplex is assumed on a lot outside the nine wards (and the ward has not opted in).
  • The design exceeds height, coverage, or setbacks and the variance timeline was not planned.
  • A heritage conservation district adds review that was not scoped.

What To Verify Before Spending Money

  • The residential zone and Neighbourhoods designation for the parcel.
  • Which ward the lot is in, and its sixplex status.
  • Whether the design fits the as-of-right envelope or needs a variance.

Where to Go Next

Frequently Asked Questions

How does building a multiplex in Toronto actually work? +
For a compliant project, it is a building-permit process, not a rezoning. Since the May 2023 multiplex by-law, up to four units are permitted as-of-right in residential Neighbourhoods zones across Toronto. You confirm the zone, design within the as-of-right envelope (height, coverage, setbacks), and apply for a building permit — no Official Plan amendment and no public meeting. A design that exceeds the envelope needs a minor variance from the Committee of Adjustment.
Do I need a rezoning or a public meeting for a fourplex? +
No. The 2023 multiplex by-law made up to four units a permitted use city-wide in residential Neighbourhoods zones. Because the use is permitted, there is no rezoning, no Official Plan amendment, and no public meeting for a compliant fourplex. That removed the single biggest source of delay and uncertainty.
What is the difference between a fourplex and a sixplex here? +
A fourplex (up to four units) is permitted everywhere in a residential Neighbourhoods zone. A sixplex (five or six units) is permitted as-of-right only in nine wards, with an opt-in path for the rest. So the process is the same; the unit ceiling depends on your ward.
What pushes a project out of the building-permit stream? +
Two things mainly: a design that exceeds the as-of-right envelope (needing a Committee of Adjustment minor variance), and heritage designation (a conservation district or listed property can add review). Neither is a rezoning, but both add time you should plan for.
Where does the provincial Bill 23 fit in? +
Bill 23 set a three-unit as-of-right floor across Ontario and removed development charges on the second and third units. Toronto built on that floor, going to four units city-wide. So the provincial law is the backstop; Toronto's own by-law is what a city builder works from day to day.

Official Sources Referenced

General information, not legal advice. Zoning and permitting rules are set by each municipality and change over time. Verify current requirements directly with the municipal Planning Department before making a decision.

Related reading

Longer pieces on the same question.

PlexCheck Toronto

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Four units city-wide is the rule. The number your lot can actually hold depends on its zone, its area and its ward. PlexCheck reads all three from City data.

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