The Core Problem | Viable Density

The density that actually gets built

Deciding how much density to grant is the hardest call a planner makes — and the one with the least data behind it. There is a right answer hiding between two failures, and it is measurable.

The core problem we solve

Two ways density goes wrong — and the range in between

Density too low

Nothing gets built

Below a certain number of units, a multiplex can't cover land plus construction. Builders walk. The lot stays a single house and the upzoning produces no housing.

The viable range

Homes actually get built

Enough units that the project clears a builder's return threshold — so permits get pulled and units get delivered. This is the band you're trying to hit.

Density too high

Infrastructure can't take it

Past a point, servicing, traffic, and community capacity can't absorb the density — and council and neighbours push back. The plan stalls for a different reason.

Too little
Too much

The idea in three lines

  • A rezoning only makes housing if a builder can earn a return on it. Zoning permission is not the same as a built unit.
  • VanPlex measures, lot by lot, the density at which a multiplex becomes financially viable in your city.
  • That tells you whether your current rules will deliver units — and which lever would change it.

How many lots clear the line?

This curve plots how many lots fall below each return threshold. Read up from the point where a builder will act: everything to the left is zoned for a multiplex but does not pencil. The gap between "zoned" and "viable" is the housing your rules are not yet producing.

VanPlex PlexRank™ — real data
Cumulative distribution of multiplex return on equity across Vancouver lots, showing how many fall below each threshold

The cumulative count of lots below each projected return. The steeper the climb past the build threshold, the more supply a small density or cost change can unlock.

Vancouver Multiplex Index™. We build the same curve for your municipality.

The levers that move the line

Four of your decisions decide where the viable line sits. Change one and the share of lots that get built moves with it — which is exactly what we model with partner cities before a rule goes to council.

Allowed units

One more permitted unit can move a lot from a loss to a build. It is the single biggest lever you control, and the one your zoning sets directly.

Parking minimums

Each required underground stall can add tens of thousands in cost. On a tight lot, a parking rule alone can be the difference between viable and not.

Development charges & fees

DCCs, amenity charges, and permit fees come straight off the bottom line. Where they land decides how many lots clear a builder’s threshold.

Setbacks & form

Setbacks, height, and lot coverage decide how much sellable or rentable floor area a lot yields — which is what the whole return rests on.

Partner cities only

Find your city's viable-density range

We compute the share of your lots that pencil today, then model how parking, fees, or an extra unit would change it — before you take a rule to council.

  • Share of your lots viable at current rules
  • The binding constraint, lot type by lot type
  • Scenario modeling: move a lever, see the new viable share
  • A council-ready read on whether your density delivers units
Request access for your city

Frequently asked questions

What is the "viable density" sweet spot? +
It is the range of allowed density that is high enough for a multiplex to pencil for a builder, but not so high that infrastructure and community capacity cannot absorb it. Below the range, nothing gets built. Above it, projects stall on servicing and approvals. The goal is to set density inside the range.
How does VanPlex know where the viable line is? +
We run a full development proforma on every eligible lot — land basis, buildable area, construction cost, fees, and exit value — to compute the return a builder would earn. That tells us, lot by lot, the density at which each parcel becomes financially viable. Aggregated across the city, it shows the share of lots that work today.
Can you show how a rule change would affect supply? +
Yes. Because the model is driven by your actual rules, we can change one input — parking, a fee, allowed units — and recompute how many lots move from "does not pencil" to "gets built." That is the scenario analysis we run with partner cities.
Does this replace an infrastructure capacity study? +
No. VanPlex measures the financial-viability floor — whether builders will act. The infrastructure ceiling stays your domain. Together they define the range you are trying to set density within.

Want this for your municipality?

We already track multiplex permit uptake and lot-by-lot feasibility across BC. Tell us your city and we'll show you what your data says — and how a monitoring partnership works.